唐蕙韻。〈乩示中的神、靈與儀式、習俗的系統關係：金門中堡威靈殿張公壇乩示紀實〉。《民俗曲藝》183 (2014.3): 71-138。
Tang Hui-yun. “Systematic Relation between the Supernatural and Religious Practices: A
Report on Duke Zhang’s Spirit-writing Session in Kinmen.” Journal of Chinese Ritual,
Theatre and Folklore 183 (2014.3): 71-138.
Abstract
本文透過一個具有私壇特徵也有公廟神格地位的神壇乩示紀實，據其信徒問事緣由和乩示回應，歸納此中反映的家神、祖先、各路神鬼靈體、宮廟神明在信仰世界中的角色地位和職能份屬，及其角色功能與地方習俗、建醮儀式彼此詮釋的互證關係，由此一窺金門民間信仰神系內建於日常祭祀及其外顯於宮廟祀神的結構性佈局。這種內建系統存於一般民眾在信仰風俗下從眾為之、習而不察的日常祭祀與儀式風俗中，其系統關係在一般祭祀和風俗儀式中並不被輕易道破或蓄意說明，唯在信徒遭遇非常事件而向神壇求助時，獲得乩示指出導致事件的陰陽緣由和相關神鬼的關係而顯得脈絡清晰。徬徨禍福而走進神壇的造訪者，經由神媒指引而拜訪各廟神明或安慰各路遊魂的儀式過程中，直接或間接領會受祀者角色功能，循其認知開展，而由風俗的從眾者成為信仰的支持者，融入這套內建系統所構造的信徒生活、地方習俗與建醮（酬神）儀式環環相扣的民俗結構，促成其信仰與風俗的穩定傳承。
This
article is based on my observation of an altar with private-own features yet
maintaining a public, community status. I induce from the devotees’ pleas to
the deities and responses from the spirit-writing, the role and function of
characters in the village’s supernatural world. The dialectic of the mutually
defined relationship found between their function and religious activities
offers a glimpse into the structural layout of Kinmen’s folk religion built
upon domestic daily worship and temple sacrifices. The structure usually
remains well hidden under average people’s daily worships and ritual customs,
executed unknowingly, following the example of a public cult. This rarely
mentioned or explained structure only manifests when a person pleads to the
altar after some unusual occurrences. Through the spirit-writing, the yin/yang principle of the occurrence and
the relations of the gods and ghosts involved are illuminated in context.
Spirit
mediums guide their bewildered visitors of the altar to visit temples or
participate in rituals that pacify wandering souls. The visitors are instructed
or led to comprehend the character and function of the ones worshipped. With
the initiation of his or her religious cognition, the individual turns from a
lay man into a believer. His or her integration into this built-in structure of
devotees’ life, local custom and liturgies enhances the steady perpetuation of
the religious custom.