王美青。〈文化遺產的脈絡、記憶與詮釋：以萬山岩雕為例〉。《民俗曲藝》186 (2014.12): 11-57。
Wang
Mei-ching. “The Context, Memory, and
Interpretation of Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Wansan Stone Carvings.” Journal
of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 186 (2014.12): 11-57.
Abstract
人類學家強調記憶與文化脈絡之間的緊密關係。記憶不僅存在各人腦中，反之，社會有一套機制來強化個人的集體記憶，以及凝聚群體成員的共識，並形塑認同。再者，記憶具有選擇性，關於遺產的各種敘事之間呈現相互競爭的關係。此外，儘管記憶受文化制約，但個體能透過操弄記憶來協商及強化認同。經由敘事的實踐，能動者能重新賦予經驗新的意義，並持續地詮釋以符合個體之目的與需求。
本文將探討萬山人保存文化遺產的目的。一方面為了發展觀光；另一方面，作為建構文化認同的對象與場址，以新形式再現傳統文化。本文擬探究今日萬山人如何運用敘事來賦予萬山岩雕這項文化遺產新的意義，以及他們如何透過不斷的詮釋來建構個人與集體的記憶和再現。
Anthropologists
place much emphasis on an interwoven relationship between memories and cultural
contexts. Although memories exist in everyone’s mind, a society has mechanisms
to bolster an individual’s collective memory, and to consolidate the group
members’ consensus and shape their identities. Memories can be selective; each
narrative about the heritage competes against the other. Although memories are
conditioned by culture, individuals can negotiate and enforce identities by
manipulating memories. Through the practice of narration, the agents can
super-scribe new meanings on the experiences, and continue to offer
interpretations according to the individuals’ purposes and needs.
This
essay will discuss the Wansan people’s intent to conserve their cultural
heritages. On the one hand, it is to boost local tourism. On the other hand,
the heritage site becomes a venue on which the people construct their cultural
identities and re-present traditional culture. This essay plans to explore how
the Wansan people employ narratives to give new meanings to the cultural
heritage, Wansan Stone Carvings, and how they construct individual and
collective memories and representation through constant interpretations.