Special Issue on “Folklore
Practices, Objects, and Notions of Time” (民俗實踐、物與時間觀)
林宜君、吳宗江、徐明福。〈臺南廖枝德司阜落篙程序之研究〉。《民俗曲藝》166
(2009.12): 141-84。
Lin
Yi-chun, Wu Tsung-chiang, and Hsu Ming-fu. "A Case Study of Liao Chih-te’s
Lóh-ko Technique in Tainan
Abstract
傳統木構架營建過程所使用的「丈篙（Tng-ko）」為司阜頭在寺廟、屋厝營建過程主要的工具之一，記載內容含括分縫（hun-phāng）、分水（hun-tsú）、屐落（kiáh-lóh）、構件寸尺（chhún-chhioh）、鑿孔（chhák-khóng）的設計觀念，以及隱含力學概念的禁忌規範。既往臺灣地區有關傳統匠藝文獻，多著墨侷限於營建禁忌、吉凶風水、構造技術等領域，近年來部分學者重新檢視傳統司阜營建思維，並投入丈篙設計之相關研究，但均側重丈篙的基本意涵，迄今尚未提出詳實落篙（Lóh-ko）程序及投射對照空間資訊解析。因此本研究擬以在地司阜廖枝德先生落篙記錄，提出穿鬬式木構架的設計方式及該師系營建觀念。透過丈篙的解析及實例印證，獲得以下成果：第一，本研究所敘明的落篙程序可理解丈篙司阜對於構件放樣及尺寸校核等內容；第二，在獲得解析後，將廖枝德師系個案作品以三維（3D）雷射掃瞄正射投影獲得尺寸作為比對確認依據，丈篙設計及落篙程序研究結果與現存案例吻合。藉由本研究可利用正射投影圖資料，獲取空間數據，建立傳統建築保存新模式。
Tng-ko is one
important tool for a carpenter's architectural construction such as temples and
traditional houses. The master carpenter marks on it the measurements of hun-phāng
(post space), hun-tsú (roof sloping), kiáh-lóh (beam space), chhún-chhioh
(component dimension) and chhák-khóng (tenon and mortise). In these
measurements taboos that derived from mechanical concepts are also
implied.
In
the past, most articles concerning traditional architectures in Taiwan lay
their emphasis on the areas of construction taboos, feng shui prognostication and structural techniques. Recently, some
scholars started to re-examine the construction concepts of master carpenters
and devoted their researches to the device of Tng-ko. However, they invariably stress the basic definition of Tng-ko, leaving out the detailed Lóh-ko
procedure as well as the interpretation of projected relevant space
information.
Therefore,
this research intends to address the design of chuandou timber frame and the construction concepts of the master
carpenter Liao Chih-te's school by analyzing the master's actual Lóh-ko
record. Analysis of the Tng-ko and
evidences from actual examples yield the following results. First, from the Lóh-ko
procedure one can comprehend the proportional scale and measurements of the
master carpenter. Second, Liao Chih-te's construction cases are scanned in
three-dimensions; the measurements thus obtained match that from the Lóh-ko
procedure. With this research, we establish a new mode of traditional
architecture preservation by using scanned data to obtain space information.